Solar power panels, also known as photovoltaic (PV) panels, harness the energy from sunlight and convert it into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. Each panel is made up of multiple solar cells composed of semiconductor materials, typically silicon. When sunlight hits these cells, it excites electrons, creating an electric current. Solar panels are modular and can be installed on rooftops, ground-mounted arrays, or integrated into building designs. They offer a sustainable, eco-friendly solution for reducing carbon footprints and lowering energy costs, and they can be used in a variety of applications, from residential and commercial to industrial and utility-scale power generation. With advancements in technology, solar panels have become more efficient and affordable, making them an increasingly popular choice for renewable energy.